(來源:《學習時(shi)報》2024-06-04)
黨的十八(ba)大以(yi)來,以(yi)習近平同志為核(he)(he)(he)心的黨中央胸懷中華民族偉大復(fu)(fu)興(xing)戰略(lve)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)局(ju)和世(shi)界百年未有之大變局(ju),將國(guo)(guo)(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)作為頭等大事,創造性(xing)提(ti)(ti)出總體(ti)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)觀,將核(he)(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)納入(ru)(ru)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家總體(ti)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)體(ti)系,提(ti)(ti)出理(li)性(xing)、協(xie)調、并進(jin)的核(he)(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)觀,倡導打造核(he)(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)命運(yun)共同體(ti),要求守(shou)牢(lao)美麗中國(guo)(guo)(guo)建設安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)底(di)線,指引新(xin)(xin)時代(dai)(dai)核(he)(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)工作取得歷史(shi)性(xing)成就。新(xin)(xin)征程(cheng)上(shang),我們要堅(jian)定(ding)擁(yong)護“兩個確立”、堅(jian)決(jue)做(zuo)到“兩個維(wei)護”,深(shen)入(ru)(ru)學習貫徹習近平新(xin)(xin)時代(dai)(dai)中國(guo)(guo)(guo)特色社會主義(yi)思(si)想(xiang),以(yi)總體(ti)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)觀和核(he)(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)觀為遵循(xun),加快構建現代(dai)(dai)化核(he)(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)監(jian)管體(ti)系,堅(jian)決(jue)扛起確保核(he)(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的政治責任,筑牢(lao)民族復(fu)(fu)興(xing)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)家強(qiang)盛的核(he)(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)根基。
深入學習領會習近平總書記關于核安全的重要論述
核(he)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)是(shi)(shi)核(he)事(shi)業發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)生(sheng)命(ming)線,是(shi)(shi)生(sheng)態環境保護的(de)重要(yao)領域,是(shi)(shi)國家安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)重要(yao)組成部分,事(shi)關中國式現(xian)代(dai)化全(quan)(quan)局。深入學習(xi)領會習(xi)近(jin)平總書記關于(yu)核(he)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)的(de)重要(yao)論述,對于(yu)我們準確把握(wo)職責定(ding)位和(he)核(he)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)監管(guan)工作規律、推動核(he)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)監管(guan)工作高質(zhi)量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)具有十分重要(yao)的(de)意義。
確(que)保(bao)核(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)是維護國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)必(bi)然要(yao)(yao)求。習近(jin)平總書(shu)記(ji)指出,“國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)是安(an)邦(bang)定(ding)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)基石”。當前我國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)內涵(han)和外延(yan)比歷(li)史(shi)上任何時候(hou)都(dou)要(yao)(yao)豐(feng)富,時空領域比歷(li)史(shi)上任何時候(hou)都(dou)要(yao)(yao)寬(kuan)廣,內外因(yin)素比歷(li)史(shi)上任何時候(hou)都(dou)要(yao)(yao)復雜。核(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)在國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)中(zhong)具有極(ji)其特殊的(de)(de)地(di)位作用,與政治(zhi)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、軍事安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、經(jing)濟安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、生(sheng)態安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、科(ke)技(ji)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、資(zi)源(yuan)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)等(deng)息息相(xiang)關。必(bi)須立足維護和塑(su)造國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)局,構建(jian)嚴密牢固的(de)(de)核(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)防線。
確(que)保(bao)核安全(quan)(quan)是美麗(li)(li)中國建設的底線(xian)工程。習近平總書記指(zhi)出,“要(yao)守牢(lao)美麗(li)(li)中國建設安全(quan)(quan)底線(xian)”,“確(que)保(bao)核與輻射(she)安全(quan)(quan)”。核安全(quan)(quan)一(yi)旦出了問題,造(zao)成的放射(she)性污染將(jiang)直接危(wei)害(hai)公眾健康(kang)和(he)環境安全(quan)(quan),同(tong)時還(huan)將(jiang)嚴重損害(hai)公眾對核能的信心,影(ying)響能源綠色低(di)碳(tan)轉型和(he)碳(tan)達峰(feng)、碳(tan)中和(he)戰略(lve)的實施。必須深刻把(ba)握美麗(li)(li)中國建設對核安全(quan)(quan)的特殊要(yao)求(qiu),以高水平核安全(quan)(quan)確(que)保(bao)美麗(li)(li)中國建設底色成色更足(zu)。
確保核(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)全是核(he)(he)強國(guo)(guo)(guo)建設的(de)基(ji)(ji)礎前(qian)提。習近平(ping)總書記指(zhi)出,“核(he)(he)工業是高(gao)科技戰(zhan)略產業,是國(guo)(guo)(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)全重要基(ji)(ji)石。要堅(jian)持安(an)(an)(an)全發(fa)展(zhan)、創新發(fa)展(zhan)”。核(he)(he)能發(fa)展(zhan)客(ke)觀伴隨(sui)著(zhu)風(feng)險,但通過一系列(lie)有效(xiao)的(de)技術(shu)和管理手段進行縱深防(fang)御,是能夠保障(zhang)安(an)(an)(an)全的(de)。核(he)(he)能發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)歷史(shi)表明,沒有核(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)全,核(he)(he)電(dian)發(fa)展(zhan)根本無(wu)(wu)從談起,任何麻痹松懈導(dao)致(zhi)核(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)全出了問題,將(jiang)“一失萬(wan)無(wu)(wu)”。當前(qian)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)正(zheng)處于由(you)核(he)(he)大國(guo)(guo)(guo)向(xiang)核(he)(he)強國(guo)(guo)(guo)轉(zhuan)型邁進的(de)關鍵時期,必須始(shi)終把(ba)核(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)全擺在最高(gao)優先級,以扎實有力的(de)措施確保核(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)全萬(wan)無(wu)(wu)一失、絕(jue)無(wu)(wu)一失。
確(que)保核(he)安(an)全(quan)是(shi)提高人(ren)民(min)生活品質的(de)應有之義。習近平(ping)總書記指出,“人(ren)民(min)對美好生活的(de)向(xiang)往,就是(shi)我(wo)們(men)的(de)奮斗目標”。當前,核(he)技術在工業(ye)、農業(ye)、醫學、材料、環保等領域應用越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)廣泛。與此同時(shi),由于社會(hui)上對核(he)安(an)全(quan)的(de)認知主要源(yuan)于核(he)電歷史上三次(ci)重(zhong)大(da)核(he)事(shi)故(gu)造成的(de)巨大(da)災難和損失,“恐(kong)核(he)”、“懼核(he)”、涉核(he)“鄰避”等現象仍(reng)然存在。必須(xu)依靠(kao)核(he)安(an)全(quan)的(de)持續(xu)改進推動核(he)能(neng)趨(qu)利避害,為守護人(ren)民(min)生命健(jian)康、改善民(min)生福祉(zhi)作出更大(da)貢獻(xian)。
確保核安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)是(shi)構建(jian)人類命運共同(tong)體的共同(tong)目標(biao)。習近平總書記指(zhi)出,“構建(jian)人類命運共同(tong)體是(shi)世界各國人民前途所在(zai)”。核安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)無國界,一損(sun)俱損(sun)。近年來,全(quan)(quan)球核電發展逐步(bu)復蘇,讓核能(neng)在(zai)保障能(neng)源供應、應對氣候變化中(zhong)發揮(hui)更(geng)大(da)作用正逐漸形成新(xin)的共識(shi),但一次(ci)新(xin)的核事故很(hen)容易(yi)使(shi)大(da)好(hao)形勢陡(dou)然逆轉,任何國家都(dou)無法獨善其身。必須把確保核安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)作為共同(tong)責任,共建(jian)公平、合作、共贏的國際核安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)體系,打造核安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)命運共同(tong)體。
新時代我國核安全監管守正創新取得顯著成效,積累了寶貴經驗
我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)核(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)事(shi)業(ye)(ye)是在(zai)(zai)改革開放和(he)(he)(he)現代化(hua)建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)加速(su)推進的(de)大背(bei)景下、伴(ban)隨著(zhu)核(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)事(shi)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)進程不斷(duan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)起(qi)來的(de)。1984年(nian)(nian),我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)成(cheng)(cheng)立(li)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)核(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)局(ju),賦(fu)予監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督管(guan)理我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)民(min)用核(he)(he)設(she)(she)施安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)歷史重任。40年(nian)(nian)來,在(zai)(zai)黨(dang)中央(yang)堅(jian)強領導下,我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)核(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)與(yu)核(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)事(shi)業(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)相伴(ban)相生,從無到有(you)(you)、從弱到強,總(zong)體經歷了(le)起(qi)步(bu)探索(suo)、整合(he)提高、高質量(liang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)三個(ge)階(jie)段。特(te)別是新(xin)時代以(yi)來,在(zai)(zai)總(zong)體國(guo)(guo)家(jia)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)觀和(he)(he)(he)核(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)觀指引下,我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)核(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)邁上了(le)新(xin)臺(tai)(tai)階(jie),為確保(bao)核(he)(he)事(shi)業(ye)(ye)健康發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)作出(chu)了(le)積極貢獻。頒(ban)布實(shi)施《中華人(ren)民(min)共(gong)和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)核(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)法(fa)(fa)》,形成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)由2部(bu)(bu)法(fa)(fa)律、7部(bu)(bu)行(xing)政法(fa)(fa)規(gui)、28項(xiang)(xiang)部(bu)(bu)門規(gui)章、百余(yu)項(xiang)(xiang)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)導則和(he)(he)(he)千余(yu)項(xiang)(xiang)技術標(biao)準組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)系統(tong)完(wan)善的(de)法(fa)(fa)規(gui)標(biao)準體系。以(yi)政府名(ming)義(yi)發(fa)(fa)表(biao)《中國(guo)(guo)的(de)核(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)》白皮書,闡明打造核(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)命運共(gong)同體的(de)決心和(he)(he)(he)行(xing)動(dong)。有(you)(you)效(xiao)運轉國(guo)(guo)家(jia)核(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)工作協調機(ji)制,發(fa)(fa)布實(shi)施核(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)與(yu)放射性污染防治五年(nian)(nian)規(gui)劃,強化(hua)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)全(quan)(quan)(quan)局(ju)統(tong)籌。建(jian)(jian)立(li)健全(quan)(quan)(quan)總(zong)部(bu)(bu)機(ji)關(guan)、地區監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督站、技術支持單位(wei)“三位(wei)一(yi)體”的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)組(zu)織體系,推動(dong)加強現場監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督力量(liang)配備,形成(cheng)(cheng)總(zong)部(bu)(bu)機(ji)關(guan)百人(ren)、中央(yang)本級千人(ren)、全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)近萬人(ren)的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)隊伍。建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)核(he)(he)與(yu)輻(fu)(fu)射安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)技術研(yan)發(fa)(fa)基地等(deng)(deng)(deng)基礎設(she)(she)施,建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)獨立(li)校核(he)(he)計算(suan)、模擬仿真分析等(deng)(deng)(deng)試驗驗證(zheng)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai),全(quan)(quan)(quan)方位(wei)提升(sheng)(sheng)審評(ping)許可、監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督執法(fa)(fa)、輻(fu)(fu)射監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)測、事(shi)故應(ying)急、經驗反饋、科技研(yan)發(fa)(fa)、風險防范等(deng)(deng)(deng)能(neng)力。總(zong)的(de)來看,我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)核(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)系統(tong)有(you)(you)效(xiao)應(ying)對核(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)規(gui)模化(hua)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)帶(dai)來的(de)新(xin)挑戰(zhan),監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)效(xiao)能(neng)顯著(zhu)提升(sheng)(sheng)。2012年(nian)(nian)我(wo)(wo)國(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)運行(xing)核(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)17臺(tai)(tai)、在(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)機(ji)組(zu)30臺(tai)(tai),截至2024年(nian)(nian)4月底已有(you)(you)運行(xing)核(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)組(zu)56臺(tai)(tai)、在(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)機(ji)組(zu)27臺(tai)(tai),此外還有(you)(you)民(min)用研(yan)究堆21座、民(min)用核(he)(he)燃料(liao)循環設(she)(she)施21座,全(quan)(quan)(quan)部(bu)(bu)保(bao)持良(liang)好安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)紀錄,在(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)核(he)(he)設(she)(she)施建(jian)(jian)造質量(liang)受控(kong);17萬枚在(zai)(zai)用放射源和(he)(he)(he)29萬臺(tai)(tai)(套(tao))射線裝置安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)受控(kong);全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)輻(fu)(fu)射環境質量(liang)總(zong)體良(liang)好,公眾(zhong)健康和(he)(he)(he)環境安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)得(de)到充(chong)分保(bao)障。
我們始終堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)“安全(quan)第(di)一(yi)、質量第(di)一(yi)”的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)針(zhen),遵(zun)循“獨立、公開(kai)、法(fa)治(zhi)、理性、有效”的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)管原則,秉承(cheng)“嚴(yan)(yan)之又(you)嚴(yan)(yan)、慎(shen)之又(you)慎(shen)、細之又(you)細、實(shi)之又(you)實(shi)”的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)管作(zuo)風,建立了(le)一(yi)套(tao)(tao)接軌(gui)國際、符合國情的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)管體(ti)系,形成了(le)“十個堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)”的(de)(de)(de)基本經(jing)驗(yan)。堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)文化(hua)引領,將法(fa)治(zhi)意識、憂患意識、自律意識、協作(zuo)意識的(de)(de)(de)核心(xin)價值觀貫穿從業人員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)思想(xiang)和(he)行(xing)動(dong)中。堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)依法(fa)行(xing)政,確(que)保(bao)監(jian)管活動(dong)得到法(fa)律授權(quan)、嚴(yan)(yan)格依法(fa)開(kai)展(zhan)。堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)依靠機制(zhi),建立了(le)一(yi)套(tao)(tao)審評、監(jian)督(du)、執法(fa)、監(jian)測、應急等(deng)工作(zuo)機制(zhi)。堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)接軌(gui)國際,以“后發優勢(shi)”高標(biao)準(zhun)建立法(fa)規(gui)標(biao)準(zhun)體(ti)系和(he)監(jian)管模式(shi)。堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)問題導向,強(qiang)化(hua)風險(xian)管控、經(jing)驗(yan)反饋和(he)調查處理。堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)從嚴(yan)(yan)管理,源頭嚴(yan)(yan)防(fang)、過程嚴(yan)(yan)管、后果嚴(yan)(yan)懲。堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)續創新,以改革創新精神推(tui)動(dong)體(ti)制(zhi)、機制(zhi)、方(fang)法(fa)和(he)技術創新。堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)夯實(shi)基礎,強(qiang)化(hua)技術硬支撐和(he)隊(dui)伍軟(ruan)實(shi)力(li)。堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)團結協作(zuo),構建堅(jian)(jian)(jian)定、和(he)諧、奮進的(de)(de)(de)工作(zuo)氛圍。堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)從我做起,以嚴(yan)(yan)格自我約(yue)束示范(fan)引領全(quan)行(xing)業持(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)續改進。
近年來(lai),在(zai)原有工(gong)(gong)(gong)作基(ji)礎上(shang),我(wo)國(guo)核(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)監(jian)管系(xi)統切實(shi)(shi)履行(xing)(xing)(xing)職責,在(zai)若干重(zhong)點領(ling)域取(qu)(qu)得了(le)新(xin)的進展(zhan)。一(yi)是(shi)(shi)穩(wen)中(zhong)求進、守(shou)正(zheng)創新(xin)。開(kai)展(zhan)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)核(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)形勢(shi)分析(xi)、經驗反(fan)饋(kui)集(ji)中(zhong)分析(xi)、與(yu)核(he)電集(ji)團(tuan)核(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)監(jian)管對(dui)話等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)監(jian)管實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian),著力(li)(li)解(jie)決影響核(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)局性(xing)(xing)系(xi)統性(xing)(xing)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。把握規(gui)律精準(zhun)施(shi)策,探索(suo)通過(guo)分堆(dui)型(xing)監(jian)管專(zhuan)(zhuan)班、伴隨式審評和保障(zhang)性(xing)(xing)監(jian)督等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)方式,保障(zhang)華(hua)龍一(yi)號(hao)、AP1000、EPR、高溫(wen)氣(qi)冷堆(dui)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)先進反(fan)應堆(dui)示(shi)范工(gong)(gong)(gong)程率先在(zai)我(wo)國(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)成投運,快(kuai)中(zhong)子(zi)增殖堆(dui)、釷基(ji)熔鹽堆(dui)、小型(xing)模塊(kuai)化(hua)堆(dui)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)設(she)計研發(fa)與(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)走在(zai)世界前(qian)列(lie)。二是(shi)(shi)嚴(yan)字當頭、依法監(jian)管。在(zai)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面加強(qiang)核(he)電行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)核(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管理、核(he)與(yu)輻射(she)(she)(she)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)三(san)年隱患排查(cha)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)一(yi)系(xi)列(lie)專(zhuan)(zhuan)項行(xing)(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong),以發(fa)現解(jie)決問(wen)(wen)題(ti)提(ti)升(sheng)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)核(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)水平。對(dui)弄虛(xu)作假和違規(gui)操(cao)作保持“零(ling)容忍”的高壓態勢(shi),通過(guo)對(dui)典型(xing)案例行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)通報、重(zhong)大問(wen)(wen)題(ti)反(fan)饋(kui)集(ji)團(tuan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)方式強(qiang)化(hua)警示(shi)震懾。三(san)是(shi)(shi)固本強(qiang)基(ji)、提(ti)升(sheng)能(neng)力(li)(li)。區域核(he)與(yu)輻射(she)(she)(she)監(jian)測應急(ji)物資儲備(bei)庫列(lie)入國(guo)家“十四(si)五”規(gui)劃(hua)重(zhong)大工(gong)(gong)(gong)程之一(yi),提(ti)升(sheng)風險(xian)監(jian)測預警、海洋輻射(she)(she)(she)監(jian)測、監(jian)管信息化(hua)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)能(neng)力(li)(li),國(guo)控(kong)輻射(she)(she)(she)環(huan)境監(jian)測點位數據實(shi)(shi)時獲(huo)(huo)取(qu)(qu)率穩(wen)定在(zai)97%以上(shang),以分級分類業(ye)務培訓(xun)打(da)造(zao)(zao)一(yi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)多(duo)能(neng)人才隊伍(wu)。四(si)是(shi)(shi)統籌(chou)協(xie)調、促進發(fa)展(zhan)。部(bu)門(men)協(xie)同推(tui)動(dong)(dong)解(jie)決網(wang)絡購銷(xiao)放射(she)(she)(she)性(xing)(xing)物品監(jian)管等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)一(yi)系(xi)列(lie)重(zhong)難點問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。行(xing)(xing)(xing)業(ye)聯(lian)動(dong)(dong)強(qiang)化(hua)核(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)公眾溝(gou)通平臺建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)和品牌塑造(zao)(zao),持續培育核(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)文化(hua),營造(zao)(zao)共建(jian)(jian)(jian)共享氛圍。加強(qiang)與(yu)國(guo)際(ji)(ji)原子(zi)能(neng)機(ji)構(gou)、經濟合作與(yu)發(fa)展(zhan)組織核(he)能(neng)署(shu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)多(duo)邊交流,推(tui)動(dong)(dong)在(zai)我(wo)國(guo)成立國(guo)際(ji)(ji)原子(zi)能(neng)機(ji)構(gou)首個核(he)與(yu)輻射(she)(she)(she)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)協(xie)作中(zhong)心,深(shen)化(hua)國(guo)家間核(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)互(hu)訪溝(gou)通、審評咨詢(xun)和聯(lian)合研究。中(zhong)國(guo)國(guo)家報告在(zai)《核(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)公約》締約方第(di)八次和第(di)九次聯(lian)合審議大會上(shang)獲(huo)(huo)高度贊譽,獲(huo)(huo)評1項良好實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)(jian)、8項良好業(ye)績。
加快建設與核事業發展相適應的現代化核安全監管體系
當(dang)前,我國核(he)電正(zheng)步(bu)入規(gui)模化(hua)(hua)加速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)新階段(duan),核(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)監(jian)(jian)管既(ji)面臨全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)氣候變(bian)化(hua)(hua)影響、供(gong)應鏈(lian)可(ke)靠性(xing)等全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)球(qiu)(qiu)共性(xing)問題(ti)(ti),也面臨核(he)電規(gui)模大、首堆新堆多(duo)、同址群堆多(duo)等個性(xing)挑戰,“保障(zhang)上百臺機組近百年安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)運行”“確保核(he)電建(jian)設規(gui)模化(hua)(hua)高(gao)峰期建(jian)造質量(liang)”正(zheng)在成(cheng)為面臨的重(zhong)大課題(ti)(ti)。我們要認(ren)真(zhen)落(luo)實(shi)習(xi)近平總(zong)書記在全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)國生態環(huan)境(jing)保護大會(hui)上的重(zhong)要指(zhi)示精神,“嚴格(ge)監(jian)(jian)督管理,全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面提高(gao)核(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)監(jian)(jian)管能力,建(jian)成(cheng)同我國核(he)事業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)相(xiang)適應的現代化(hua)(hua)核(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)監(jian)(jian)管體系(xi)”,以高(gao)水平核(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)保障(zhang)核(he)事業(ye)高(gao)質量(liang)發(fa)展(zhan)。
準(zhun)確理(li)(li)解現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)核安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)體系(xi)的(de)總(zong)體目(mu)(mu)標。現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)核安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)體系(xi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)式現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)在(zai)核安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)領域的(de)具體體現(xian),是(shi)(shi)(shi)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)念、方(fang)式手段、科技支(zhi)撐、力量(liang)配(pei)備、環境塑造(zao)、國(guo)際影響的(de)全(quan)(quan)方(fang)位現(xian)代化(hua)(hua),核心(xin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)系(xi)統(tong)化(hua)(hua)、科學化(hua)(hua)、法治(zhi)化(hua)(hua)、精細化(hua)(hua)、信息(xi)化(hua)(hua),目(mu)(mu)標是(shi)(shi)(shi)形(xing)成一(yi)(yi)套集中(zhong)統(tong)一(yi)(yi)、分工合理(li)(li)、資源整合、流程優化(hua)(hua)、上下協同、運轉高效的(de)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)制度,培(pei)育獨立客(ke)觀、稱(cheng)職可(ke)信、公(gong)開(kai)透明、誠實公(gong)正、公(gong)平參與(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)力量(liang),打造(zao)更(geng)加獨立、專(zhuan)業(ye)、嚴慎、高效的(de)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)機構,與(yu)(yu)(yu)我國(guo)核事業(ye)發展(zhan)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)適應(ying)、與(yu)(yu)(yu)核安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)監(jian)管(guan)(guan)工作特性規律相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)符合、與(yu)(yu)(yu)國(guo)家治(zhi)理(li)(li)現(xian)代化(hua)(hua)要求相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)銜接、與(yu)(yu)(yu)引領全(quan)(quan)球(qiu)核安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)治(zhi)理(li)(li)需求相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)匹配(pei)。
系(xi)(xi)統(tong)把握現(xian)代(dai)化核(he)(he)安全監管體(ti)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)工作原則(ze)。建設現(xian)代(dai)化核(he)(he)安全監管體(ti)系(xi)(xi)是一項戰略(lve)性、全局性、系(xi)(xi)統(tong)性工程,必須從實際出發,整體(ti)謀(mou)劃、統(tong)籌(chou)施策(ce)、協同推(tui)進。統(tong)籌(chou)處理(li)發展(zhan)(zhan)與(yu)安全的(de)(de)關系(xi)(xi),以(yi)(yi)核(he)(he)事業(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)產業(ye)培育、技術(shu)(shu)積累(lei)、管理(li)經(jing)驗、隊(dui)伍能力(li)(li)等成果夯實核(he)(he)安全基礎,以(yi)(yi)核(he)(he)安全實踐實效(xiao)實績不斷塑造核(he)(he)事業(ye)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)(de)新(xin)動能、新(xin)優勢(shi)。統(tong)籌(chou)處理(li)好(hao)外(wai)(wai)部(bu)監管與(yu)內生動力(li)(li)的(de)(de)關系(xi)(xi),深刻認識最(zui)嚴格的(de)(de)監管就是對(dui)行業(ye)最(zui)有力(li)(li)的(de)(de)支(zhi)持(chi)(chi),以(yi)(yi)外(wai)(wai)部(bu)監管督促(cu)企(qi)業(ye)主體(ti)責任細化落實、管理(li)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)有效(xiao)運(yun)行和(he)(he)核(he)(he)安全文化持(chi)(chi)續培育,促(cu)進行業(ye)以(yi)(yi)創新(xin)設計理(li)念和(he)(he)先進技術(shu)(shu)提(ti)高本質安全水(shui)平(ping)。統(tong)籌(chou)處理(li)好(hao)守正與(yu)創新(xin)的(de)(de)關系(xi)(xi),堅持(chi)(chi)黨的(de)(de)領導、依(yi)法治(zhi)理(li)、專業(ye)制(zhi)勝、嚴慎細實、開放合作等成功經(jing)驗,主動適應核(he)(he)領域(yu)國際態(tai)勢(shi)、發展(zhan)(zhan)趨勢(shi)、安全形勢(shi)變化,推(tui)動核(he)(he)安全監管理(li)念創新(xin)和(he)(he)手段方式變革(ge)。
扎實(shi)推(tui)進現代化(hua)核(he)(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)監(jian)管(guan)體系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重點任(ren)務。錨定(ding)(ding)實(shi)現高水平(ping)(ping)核(he)(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)目標,推(tui)動(dong)全(quan)(quan)(quan)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)樹牢(lao)憂患(huan)意識(shi)、風(feng)險(xian)(xian)意識(shi),深刻認識(shi)不(bu)出(chu)核(he)(he)事(shi)故只是最低要(yao)求(qiu),大(da)事(shi)不(bu)能出(chu),小事(shi)不(bu)要(yao)有,以“零(ling)失誤(wu)”“零(ling)破(po)損”的(de)(de)(de)(de)高標準(zhun)(zhun)建立一套系(xi)(xi)統(tong)評價指標體系(xi)(xi),嚴防(fang)(fang)對(dui)成績津(jin)津(jin)樂道、對(dui)問題見怪(guai)不(bu)怪(guai)、對(dui)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)麻痹(bi)大(da)意,以核(he)(he)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)全(quan)(quan)(quan)體從業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)“時時放心(xin)不(bu)下(xia)”讓黨中央放心(xin)、人民(min)安(an)心(xin)。抓(zhua)(zhua)牢(lao)抓(zhua)(zhua)細核(he)(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)責(ze)任(ren)落實(shi),充分認識(shi)核(he)(he)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)鏈(lian)條長、涉及領域廣、責(ze)任(ren)主體多,必須確保各方面責(ze)任(ren)無縫(feng)對(dui)接、不(bu)留空白,對(dui)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)集約化(hua)管(guan)理(li)趨勢可能影(ying)響(xiang)責(ze)任(ren)落實(shi)等新(xin)情況抓(zhua)(zhua)早(zao)抓(zhua)(zhua)小、及時規范引導(dao),以體系(xi)(xi)有效(xiao)運(yun)轉(zhuan)防(fang)(fang)止責(ze)任(ren)虛化(hua)、弱化(hua)、形式化(hua),堅決杜絕“口(kou)號喊得響(xiang)、責(ze)任(ren)落不(bu)實(shi)”。把風(feng)險(xian)(xian)防(fang)(fang)控擺在突出(chu)位置,下(xia)決心(xin)消(xiao)除(chu)核(he)(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)隱患(huan),為此暫時損失一定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟效(xiao)益是值(zhi)得的(de)(de)(de)(de),也是必須的(de)(de)(de)(de)。進一步健全(quan)(quan)(quan)科學精準(zhun)(zhun)、響(xiang)應靈敏的(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)監(jian)測預(yu)警指標體系(xi)(xi),強(qiang)化(hua)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)評估分析、隱患(huan)排查治理(li)和分級(ji)分類監(jian)管(guan),妥(tuo)善(shan)應對(dui)氣(qi)候變化(hua)、海(hai)洋生態、網絡安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)、極端災害等新(xin)型威脅挑(tiao)戰(zhan)(zhan),嚴防(fang)(fang)與輿情等風(feng)險(xian)(xian)交(jiao)織疊(die)加(jia)、演變升級(ji),以更加(jia)扁平(ping)(ping)化(hua)、專業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)、實(shi)戰(zhan)(zhan)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應急守牢(lao)底(di)線。
全(quan)(quan)面(mian)強化(hua)(hua)現代化(hua)(hua)核(he)(he)(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)監(jian)管(guan)體(ti)系的(de)(de)保障支(zhi)撐。與時(shi)俱進(jin)推進(jin)法治(zhi)建(jian)設(she),既及時(shi)轉化(hua)(hua)國(guo)際(ji)最(zui)新核(he)(he)(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)為我所用,又不(bu)能(neng)(neng)奉為圭臬、照搬(ban)照抄,加(jia)快(kuai)把小型(xing)模塊化(hua)(hua)堆、高溫氣冷堆、實驗快(kuai)堆等項(xiang)目先(xian)行(xing)優(you)勢(shi)(shi)轉化(hua)(hua)為法規(gui)標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)引領優(you)勢(shi)(shi)。把握規(gui)律實施精準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)監(jian)管(guan),從(cong)技術類型(xing)、地(di)域特征、股權劃分等方面(mian)對監(jian)管(guan)對象“精準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)畫(hua)像”,多(duo)措并舉解決歷史問題(ti)(ti)、當前風險(xian)和可能(neng)(neng)隱患(huan),以(yi)問題(ti)(ti)閉環管(guan)理和有(you)(you)效經驗反饋推動(dong)(dong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)水平(ping)持續(xu)提升(sheng)。以(yi)改革提高監(jian)管(guan)效率,加(jia)快(kuai)核(he)(he)(he)設(she)施環評等制度改革,以(yi)主(zhu)動(dong)(dong)監(jian)管(guan)作(zuo)(zuo)為促進(jin)構建(jian)更(geng)有(you)(you)利于聚(ju)變能(neng)(neng)、核(he)(he)(he)醫學等安(an)全(quan)(quan)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)系統。以(yi)創新賦能(neng)(neng)安(an)全(quan)(quan)監(jian)管(guan),整合行(xing)業資源推進(jin)核(he)(he)(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)關鍵性、基(ji)礎性科(ke)技研發(fa)(fa),推進(jin)平(ping)臺共建(jian)、課題(ti)(ti)共研、成果共享,探索(suo)運用數字孿生(sheng)、人(ren)工智能(neng)(neng)等信息技術賦能(neng)(neng)核(he)(he)(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)監(jian)管(guan)。凝聚(ju)各方合力強化(hua)(hua)核(he)(he)(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)公眾溝通(tong),提升(sheng)品牌(pai)傳播力、引導力、影響力。整體(ti)推進(jin)核(he)(he)(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)隊伍建(jian)設(she),健(jian)全(quan)(quan)服務全(quan)(quan)局、分級分類、全(quan)(quan)員(yuan)覆(fu)蓋的(de)(de)業務培訓(xun)體(ti)系。以(yi)更(geng)積極的(de)(de)態(tai)(tai)度、更(geng)有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)為參與全(quan)(quan)球核(he)(he)(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)治(zhi)理,不(bu)斷擴(kuo)大核(he)(he)(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)“朋(peng)友圈”,在積極吸納借鑒國(guo)際(ji)先(xian)進(jin)經驗的(de)(de)同時(shi),拿出更(geng)多(duo)有(you)(you)分量(liang)的(de)(de)成果在國(guo)際(ji)推廣,為全(quan)(quan)球核(he)(he)(he)安(an)全(quan)(quan)作(zuo)(zuo)出應有(you)(you)貢獻。
